Optimization of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) : the impact of phospholipid on LNCs' oral delivery
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Date
2025-11-09
Authors
Jandaghi Alaee, Kimia
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Abstract
Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are promising oral drug delivery systems, with their performance highly influenced by composition. This study explored the effect of Lipoid®SPC3 on LNCs’ physicochemical properties and cellular uptake. Initially, a feasibility zone in the ternary phase diagram (Lipoid®SPC3, Captex®8000, Kolliphor®HS15) was determined. Using a design of experiments (DoE), 13 formulations were developed within this domain. Key responses—phase inversion temperature (PIT), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential—were analysed to build predictive models.
Except for zeta potential, all responses were successfully modelled. Lipoid®SPC3 notably reduced particle size and increased PIT, while all formulations remained monodisperse (PDI < 0.2) and neutral in charge. Optimized LNCs (50–100 nm) were selected based on desirability criteria and further characterized. To assess cellular uptake, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-labelled LNCs were tested on Caco-2 cells. Higher Lipoid®SPC3 content (6.5%) significantly enhanced cell internalisation, as shown by increased cell positivity and median fluorescence intensity.
In summary, Lipoid®SPC3 plays a critical role in tuning LNC properties and enhancing intestinal uptake, making it a valuable excipient in oral nanomedicine. Further in vivo and gastrointestinal stability studies are recommended.
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Keywords
Lipid nanocapsules (LNC), Oral delivery, Design of experiments, Cellular uptake