Application of remote sensing, GIS techniques and new technologies for the monitoring and protection of the coastal areas of Achaia’s and Ilia’s prefectures
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Date
2023-07-26
Authors
Αποστολόπουλος, Διονύσιος
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Abstract
The rise of the average sea level due to the climate change has made the coastal areas vulnerable and prone to failures of the existing infrastructures affecting the local ecosystem and the local economy. The occurrence in the last 10 years of extreme weather conditions and the blocking or changing of the outflow of the streams has aggravated the problem. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the magnitude of the shoreline change directly and reliably in numerical terms so that authorities be able to develop and manage plans for the protection of their coastal zones.
There are two basic objectives of this thesis a) the investigation of the usage of low and medium spatial resolution data, provided free of charge, for the estimation of the coastline mapping and b) the application of a model to highlight the areas in the coastal zone of the prefectures of Ilia and Achaia that show erosion/accretion alterations utilizing high-resolution data, combining appropriate Geographical Information Systems (GIS) applications.
Initially, the world-wide literature was studied and examined regarding the methods, indicators and data used by the scientific community for shoreline mapping, while previous studies based on low - and medium - resolution remote sensing data, such as Landsat 5/7/8 (TM, ETM+, OLI), Sentinel-2, CORONA, SPOT1-5, IRS were evaluated. The accuracy of these data was then classified and quantified in relation to the respective high-resolution data. In addition, the possibility of predicting the future position of the coastline using suitable software was evaluated and relative problems and limitations were identified. The results of the research proved that the medium and low-resolution satellite data are not suitable to provide the spatiotemporal estimation of the coastline change similar to the high-resolution data.
Areas of the Ilia and Achaia coasts, which deal with erosion/accretion alterations, were identified and investigated using high and very high-resolution data. In addition, the pilot usage of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery for both shoreline evolution and seafloor bathymetry reconstruction was tested.
Considering that in the last decade more and more satellites, equipped with high-definition instruments and technology, are put into orbit to monitor the Earth by various agencies (research, military, etc.), it is certain that in the future researchers will have at their disposal high-resolution data, and thus the results and the methods developed in this thesis will be able to be a comprehensive guide for assessing the evolution of the coastal zone.
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Keywords
Remote sensing, Ilia's Prefecture, Achaia's Prefecture, Shoreline changes, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Erosion, Accretion