An exploratory study of digital transformation in accounting through the lens of the theory of disruptive innovation
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Date
2026-10-01
Authors
Καμπιώτης, Γεώργιος
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Abstract
This doctoral dissertation investigates the digital transformation of accounting through the theoretical lens of the Theory of Disruptive Innovation, examining how emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), Blockchain, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Industry 4.0 technologies are reshaping traditional accounting and auditing practices. The primary objective of the study is to systematically map the existing body of knowledge, evaluate the impact of disruptive technologies on accounting functions, and explore the competencies, organizational transformations, and institutional adaptations required for their effective integration. The dissertation consists of four distinct yet interrelated research studies. The first chapter presents a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA framework, providing a comprehensive analysis of the international literature on disruptive technologies in accounting. The findings reveal that these technologies accelerate automation, enhance transparency, improve decision-making processes, and transform the role of accountants from transactional processors to strategic advisors. At the same time, significant adoption barriers are identified, including technological limitations, regulatory uncertainty, ethical concerns, governance challenges, and cultural resistance within organizations. The second chapter introduces NeuralACT, an innovative accounting analytics framework that utilizes artificial neural networks to process large-scale datasets in real time, offering enhanced predictive capabilities, pattern recognition, and decision support functionality. The results demonstrate that machine learning techniques can surpass the capabilities of traditional accounting systems by delivering greater accuracy and responsiveness in complex business environments. The third chapter focuses on the transformation of digital accounting through the integration of Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Industry 4.0 technologies. The analysis highlights how the convergence of physical and digital systems enables continuous data collection and processing, improving the quality of financial reporting, operational monitoring, and forecasting accuracy. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of developing new digital competencies and redesigning accounting information systems to meet the demands of an increasingly digitalized business ecosystem. The fourth chapter proposes the AGILANCE Framework, an intelligent accounting system designed to support agile financial planning through the utilization of Big Data and advanced analytical techniques. The proposed framework combines automated data analytics, predictive modeling, and decision-support mechanisms, enabling organizations to respond more effectively to dynamic market conditions. Overall, the dissertation demonstrates that digital transformation represents far more than a technological upgrade; it constitutes a profound organizational and professional shift that fundamentally redefines the accounting profession. The study contributes to the literature by bridging the Theory of Disruptive Innovation with the field of accounting and by proposing novel models, frameworks, and practical approaches for the effective adoption of emerging technologies. The findings suggest that the future sustainability and relevance of the accounting profession will depend on the ability of accountants, organizations, and regulatory bodies to embrace technological innovation, cultivate advanced digital and analytical competencies, and establish governance frameworks that ensure transparency, reliability, accountability, and the ethical use of technology in an increasingly digital future.
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Keywords
Digital accounting, Accounting, Digital transformation, Disruptive technologies